Synthesis, characterization and application of a bio-derived ZnO nano-powder from spinacia oleracea leaf extract for the removal of BOD and COD from tannery wastewater

Authors

  • Danauta Paschal Feka Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-2071
  • Amaya Jobin Habila Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Kyauta Francis Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9093-906X
  • James Dama Habila Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Moses Yohanna Bammai Department of Chemistry, Center for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52493/j.cote.2021.1.08

Keywords:

ZnO-nanopowders, Bio-derived, Bio-sorbents, Tan liquor, Green synthesis

Abstract

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as biological and chemical pollutants of wastewater are renowned environmental problems.  A study of the performance of BOD and COD degradation via adsorption was undertaken using Bio-derived ZnO nanopowder (ZnO-NP), synthesized using leaf extract of Spinacia oleracea, and Zn (NO3)2 at 500 0C, following a simple and green approach. XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET analysis were used to characterize the nano-adsorbent. EDS spectrum recorded elemental weight compositions of 67.33% and 32.67% for Zn and O, while the FTIR absorption peaks revealed the presence of Zn-O–H and Zn-O. Surface area analysis revealed the mesoporous structure of the ZnO-NPs. The reduction efficiency of the ZnO-NPs was evaluated in the presence of raw tannery wastewater by application of treatment time and adsorbent dosage as parametric factors; results obtained were compared to environmental regulatory limits (WHO and NESREA). Contact times reported removal efficiencies of 81.5-90.8 % and 12.8-50 % for BOD and COD, while adsorbent dosage-influenced BOD and COD removal at an optimum contact time of 30 minutes was found to be 79.2 - 97.5 % and 27.8 to 55.6 % respectively. This study reveals that ZnO nanopowder is better applied as BOD reductants over COD for spent tan liquor.

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2021-04-29

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Synthesis, characterization and application of a bio-derived ZnO nano-powder from spinacia oleracea leaf extract for the removal of BOD and COD from tannery wastewater. (2021). Chemistry of the Total Environment, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.52493/j.cote.2021.1.08