Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from light and heavy crude oils in fingerlings of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52493/jcote.2022.2.37Keywords:
Bioassay, bioaccumulation, heavy crude oil, PAHsAbstract
Crude oil spillage, although not so common these days, introduces various chemicals that are toxic to the environment and pose different health risks to the exposed organisms, including humans. The bioaccumulation of light and heavy crude oils in fingerlings of the African catfish (C. gariepinus) was investigated by acute toxicity test and GC–MS. The fishes were exposed to a different volumes of the oils for different duration, ranging from 24 to 96 h. The dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature were monitored to establish the quality of the water in the tanks. The results showed that the quality of the water reduces as the percentage of crude oils in the 20 L of the treatment solution increases and the exposure time increases, posing difficult living conditions to the fishes. In the same manner, fish mortality increases with the concentration of oils and exposed time. The detected concentrations of PAHs in dead fishes were low which may be due to the low volume of crude oils, the volatile nature of the oils and the excretion of metabolic waste by the fishes. The high mortality rate was attributed to high toxicant volume (ET3–ET5, especially in light crude oil) and high exposure time (72–96 h). Although, the PAHs concentrations were low (0.001- 0.680 mg/kg), a further study to establish the concentration of PAHs contributed by the crude oils is recommended.
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