Gender-based differentials in cocoa bean production in Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated gender-based differences in cocoa bean production in Ondo State, Nigeria, using descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques, and a multiple regression model for the data analysis. The research employed primary data collected from 120 randomly selected cocoa farmers with the use of a structured questionnaire. The study revealed significant socio-economic disparities between male and female farmers. Male farmers, with an average age of 44, exhibit higher productivity due to greater access to resources and farming experience. The findings further showed that male farmers earned a net farm income of ₦ 74,954,180 while the return on investment was estimated to be 2.83. The female farmers earned a net farm income of ₦ 23,140,340, and the return on investment was estimated to be 2.06. This finding confirmed that cocoa production is a profitable enterprise in the study area. Results of multiple regression analysis highlighted that age, marital status, family size, secondary occupation, and education level significantly impacted male farmers' productivity, while only marital status and education level were significant for female farmers. Female farmers, although actively involved in cocoa farming, face substantial barriers such as limited access to credit, inputs, and extension services, leading to lower productivity and profitability. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address these gender disparities, enhance access to resources for female farmers, and improve overall productivity in the cocoa sector. Addressing these challenges is crucial for promoting gender equity and sustainable development in cocoa production in the area.